In this paper, a 1 V UWB LNA in TSMC 0.13 um CMOS process technology is designed. The power consumption is only 7.6 mW. By employing RLC peaking, high-frequency poles are moved outside of the 3.1-10.6 GHz band of interest, and a flat power gain and an excellent phase linearity are achieved. By applying DC voltage to the bulk of transistors, a low voltage LNA is accomplished. The proposed LNA is consisted of two stages and uses only 2 inductors. The proposed LNA has the power gain of 8.7  ~ 10.3, low NF of 3.5 ~ 4.2 dB, IIP3 of -6 dB, and good input return loss greater than -17 dB. The -3 dB bandwidth of S21 is from 0.6 to 13 GHz.

In this paper, the leader-following group consensus of discrete-time fractional-order multi-agent systems with time-delay is studied. At First, two groups are considered. Then, the problem is extended to arbitrary number of groups. The agents are considered as discrete-time fractional order integrators with input time delay. The interaction between agents is described with a directed communication graph with fixed topology. The group consensus problem for the considered agents leads to asymptotic stability analysis of a discrete-time fractional order system with time-delay. Based on this idea, the necessary and sufficient condition to reach the leader-following group consensus in terms of the controller gains of agents is extracted. Moreover, the optimal value of the controller gains is calculated to minimize a special performance index. Numerical simulations show the performance of the proposed method.

Context and purpose. Obtaining the private GAP standard for healthy product certification due to costs is out of reach in many small and mediumsized farms among smallholder farmers. GroupGAP has provided a much-anticipated alternative where operators and farmers' cooperatives can pay the cost of certification on a cost-sharing basis. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to explain the development strategies of GAP standard with emphasis on GroupGAP in the rice production system of Mazandaran province. Methodology/approach. Current research is qualitative and data analysis was conducted in the grounded theory method, during a three-stage process of open coding, central coding, and selective coding. The data collection tool included an in-depth and semi-structured interview with a qualitative content analysis technique, which was analyzed through Maxquda software. The statistical population of the research was 18 experts and specialists of the Agricultural Jihad Organization and managers of the Rice Farmers Cooperative Company of Mazandaran Province, who were selected by the purposeful sampling method. Findings and conclusions. After extracting the concepts of the content analysis of the interviews, 9 conceptual codes out of 30 initial codes were identified in the first stage of coding. After refining and merging, the codes were classified into 3 subcategories. These components include the group certification system, the development of publicGAP programs and the development of private GAP. In the group certificates, the two dimensions of contract system development and guaranteed purchase, the development of the cooperative company for the production of healthy products have been taken into consideration. It is recommended to strengthen the organizations and cooperatives of farmers and exporters, especially to strengthen young farmers and women organizations. Originality. Originality/innovation: Due to the importance of the GAP standard issue and farmers' problems in providing the audit fees and establishment of GAP certificate, so far, no comprehensive study has been carried out in Iran on the development of operational strategies for the establishment of GAP and GroupGAP. Therefore, the current research is an attempt to provide a useful framework in explaining GAP standard development strategies with the participation of farmers in adopting the government, private, group and cooperative certification system.

When the density current smashes into the lower dense fluid mass a plunge region will occur. Since the plunge depth bounds between density current and ambient fluid, determining of this point is important. In this research, the hydraulic parameters of density current and bed slope of stagnant fluid were investigated. To achieve the purpose of this research a physical model was built in the hydraulic laboratory of Shahid Chamran University (SCU) and various experiments were performed. In the experiments, the plunge depth at the different discharge of density current and density difference 6, 9, 13 and 16 kg/m3 at three slopes 8, 12 and 16% was measured. Then using Flow-3D under RNG turbulence model, plunge depth was simulated for the same experimental condition. The comparison of results obtained showed that the predicted plunge depth with Flow-3D under RNG turbulence model had a high and satisfactory accuracy. Finding showed that for the 8% bed slope, the results of RNG turbulence model 14% was more than experimental data. While, for the entire slope, the results of RNG turbulence model was predicted 10.5% in average more than measured data. Generally, the statistical investigations showed that the RNG turbulence model with satisfactory precision estimated the plunge point depth.

In satellite transponder design, both the group delay of demultiplexer and multiplexer filters and the AM/PM distortion due to the high power amplifier (HPA) nonlinearity are critical specifications, which should be in an appropriate range to ensure the required BER for having acceptable satellite service quality. Practical problems that inevitably arise in the manufacturing process of a transponder lead to a slight deviation in the fulfillment of the maximum allowable group delay and AM/PM distortion. In this paper, the acceptable range of the group delay and AM/PM distortion is investigated simultaneously so that the required BER of DVB-S2 service is guaranteed. Since there are no proper analytical relations to achieve this goal, these nonlinear effects are simulated in MATLAB SIMULINK for both the QPSK and 8PSK modulation schemes. It is inferred from the achieved results that the acceptable phase shift and the group delay of the 8PSK modulation is less than those of the QPSK modulation.

The effects of two isolates of Pasteuria penetrans were evaluated on root knot nematodes, Meloidogyne javanica and M. incognita-R2 on two month seedlings of Badamiriz pistachio cultivar. Two experiments were carried out with two concentrations of endospores of PA and PNG isolates (104 & 6.4×105 endospores/g soil) and cadusafos (50 Mg/1500 g soil) in a Randomized Complete Block Design in green house condition were planted in pot and treatments were applied at seedling stage (4-6 leaf). 80 days after planting the seedlings were removed from soil and all stages of nematodes were extracted and counted in roots and soils. The results showed that the PA isolate with 104 endospores/g soil was the best treatment in decreasing 88.8٪ of the final population of M. incognita-R2 in comparison with control, also PNG isolate with 6.4×105 endospores/g soil was the best treatment after nematicide in decreasing 71.2% of the final population of M. javanica when compared with control.

In this paper, Artificial Neural Networks are used to solve Delay Differential Equations. We have suggested an appropriate approximation function based on ANN and then by solving an optimization problem of error function, the neural network is trained. The advantage of this technique is that the proposed approximation functions, with a slight modification, can be used for most types of delay differential equations, including DDE with constant delay, time-dependent delay and pantograph delay. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the method, various examples have been tested and the validity and efficiency of the method have been shown.

Supporting the highest bandwidth data rates among new generation of communication devices requires advanced clock management technology such as DL (Delay Line). By introducing object internet increase of the system clock frequency poses some challenges in generating and distributing of the clock with low uncertainty and power, as clocks determine the overall performance of the chip. The generated signal quality determines by several factors as frequency, phase, period, jitter and clock variations. Both analog and digital circuits have some limitations which make it impossible to achieve high quality clock. One of the proposed solutions for performance improvement of DLs is the utilization of both analog and digital circuits in one system. In this thesis a low jitter and wide operation range Mixed-Mode Delay Line presented. Body feed technique and proper bias circuit are used in the proposed multiphase Mixed Controlled Delay-Line (MMCDL) to widen applicable range of control voltage, allow rail-to-rail operation and overcome the nonlinearity of the conventional current starved delay element. Furthermore, two single ended current starved inverters are utilized in a differential structure to minimize the effect of the power supply and the substrate noise. In this way jitter and static phase error specifications are improved. The designed circuit is simulated in ADS software, using TSMC 0. 18 um CMOS process at 1. 8V supply voltage. Simulation outcomes indicate that the frequency range of the suggested DL is 80-920 MHz. The rms jitter and power dissipation of the designed circuit at 920 MHz are 3. 7psec and 3. 9 mW respectively.